High blood pressure, or **hypertension**, is a common yet dangerous condition affecting over **1 billion people worldwide**. Often called the **âsilent killer,â** it typically shows no symptoms while quietly damaging the heart, blood vessels, and organs. Left untreated, it can lead to **heart attacks**, **strokes**, **heart failure**, and **kidney disease**.
### What Is High Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure measures the force of blood pushing against artery walls. Itâs recorded as two numbers:
* **Systolic (upper number)** â pressure when the heart beats
* **Diastolic (lower number)** â pressure when the heart rests
A healthy reading is around **120/80 mmHg**. Hypertension is diagnosed when readings consistently exceed **130/80 mmHg**. Prolonged high pressure forces the heart to work harder, causing arteries to stiffen and organs to weaken over time.
### Causes and Risk Factors
High blood pressure develops from a mix of **lifestyle** and **genetic** factors, including:
* High salt and low potassium diet
* Physical inactivity
* Chronic stress
* Alcohol and tobacco use
* Being overweight or obese
* Family history or chronic illnesses (like diabetes or kidney disease)
In some cases, it results from other medical conditions â known as **secondary hypertension**.
### Why Early Detection Matters
Because hypertension is often symptomless, many people discover it only after a serious event. **Regular screening** and **home monitoring** are essential, especially for adults over 40 or those with risk factors. Early detection prevents life-threatening complications.
### How to Manage High Blood Pressure
Hypertension is **highly manageable** through lifestyle changes and, if needed, medication:
* Follow a **heart-healthy diet** like the **DASH diet**
* **Reduce sodium** (aim for <1,500 mg/day) * **Exercise** at least 150 minutes weekly * **Maintain a healthy weight** * **Limit alcohol** and **quit smoking** * **Manage stress** with meditation or yoga * **Take prescribed medications** consistently ### Partner with Your Doctor Use a **home blood pressure monitor** and share readings with your healthcare provider. Regular follow-ups ensure treatments are adjusted effectively. With awareness and action, hypertension can be controlled â protecting your heart and your future.
